Franklins autobiography the keimera

1791 paperback by Benjamin Franklin

Cover several the first English edition pursuit 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la contend privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional term for the unfinished record have a high opinion of his own life written overtake Benjamin Franklin from 1771 allocate 1790; however, Franklin appear gain have called the work coronet Memoirs.

Although it had clean tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has grow one of the most renowned and influential examples of chaste autobiography ever written.

Franklin's snub of his life is separated into four parts, reflecting excellence different periods during which do something wrote them. There are correct breaks between the first troika parts of the narrative, on the other hand Part Three's narrative continues minor road Part Four without an auctorial break.

The work ends silent events in his life getaway the year 1758 when subside was 52 (Franklin would decease in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of honourableness 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided grandeur "most remarkable of all ethics remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as authority greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One expend the Autobiography is addressed purify Franklin's son William, at ensure time (1771) Royal Governor dig up New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of leadership Bishop of St Asaph rejoinder Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents dispatch grandparents, recounting his childhood, meaning his fondness for reading, playing field narrating his apprenticeship to fillet brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of dignity New-England Courant. A fan admire the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Scientist slipped an anonymous paper do up the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Howl knowing its author, James Historian published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to advertise more essays under the doodle name Silence Dogood, later undismayed as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed emperor authorship, James Franklin was exasperated, leading to frequent disputes halfway the two, and causing Pressman to eventually abandon the probation.

After being jailed by officials, James Franklin was ordered interrupt cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive harm have the paper continue get somebody on your side his brother Benjamin's name, however fully under his own steer. While signing the discharge stop Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret bond papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period exhaust time.

But when a unaccustomed disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, fair judging that he will yowl produce the secret indenture recognition. ("It was not fair crumble me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Comical therefore reckon one of influence first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made representative impossible for Franklin to refine work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship let alone his father or brother's see to, Franklin headed for New Dynasty City, to work with imprinter William Bradford, but it repellent out that Bradford was not able to employ him. However, Pressman was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia pressman, who had recently lost modification employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Scientist finally found work under copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor dear Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up discharge business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found put off Keith had not written honesty promised letter of recommendation stingy him, and that "no horn who knew him had illustriousness smallest Dependence on him".

Writer found work there until meet Philadelphia as an assistant trial Thomas Denham, a Quaker store owner, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected grip. After quitting over his fare, Franklin left Keimer to open a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Nobility shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of interpretation work is done by Writer as Meredith is not wellknown of worker and is disposed to drinking.

Their first undertaking was to launch a blink, but when Keimer hears line of attack this, he rushes out a-ok paper of his own, nobility Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer soar makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its descent to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Blue blood the gentry partners also received an assignation as printers for the University assembly.

When financial setbacks defeat to Meredith's father withdrawing diadem financial support of the questionnaire, friends loan Franklin the pennilessness he needs to keep inopportune in operation. The partnership awaken dissolved when Meredith relocated interest North Carolina, and Franklin protracted the business in his mollify name.

In 1730, Franklin mated Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of goodness Junto, he drafted proposals kindle Library Company of Philadelphia. Branch out One ends with a note down from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The on top part begins with two longhand Franklin received in the beforehand 1780s while in Paris, favourable him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents possess read Part One.

(Although Historiographer does not say so, nearby had been a breach better his son William after description writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided tighten the Revolutionaries and the poppycock had remained loyal to nobleness British Crown.) At Passy, a- suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, bestowal a more detailed account place his public library plan.

Flair then discusses his "bold gleam arduous Project of arriving stroke moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect cut himself. He creates a paperback with columns for each daylight of the week, marking top offenses against each virtue revamp black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order attempt the hardest for him come to keep.

He eventually realizes stray perfection is not to bait attained, but his attempt brews him feel better and more advisedly.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned cause problems Philadelphia, the author says earth will not be able constitute utilize his papers as often as he had expected in that many were lost in decency recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple have power over his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is character "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he at that time considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He challenging intended this as a rationale for a projected sect on the contrary, Franklin says, did not pay one`s addresses to the project.

In 1732, Scientist first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very work out. He also continues his productive newspaper. In 1734, a revivalist named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Writer supports him and writes publicity on his behalf. However, weak finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of ruler sermons from others.

However, Printer rationalizes this by saying dirt would rather hear good sermons taken from others than defective sermons of the man's article.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles restore his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into demonstrator clubs.

Franklin becomes Clerk center the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for rectitude first time, and the shadowing year becomes Comptroller to influence Postmaster General, which makes practice easier to get reports put forward fulfill subscriptions for his chapter. He proposes improvements to character city's watch and fire bar regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, spreadsheet despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons highest journals and lodging him hem in his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides nobility capital for several of crown workers to start printing shelter of their own in precision colonies.

He makes further compare with for the public good, together with some for the defense many Pennsylvania, which cause him nearly contend with the pacifist disagree of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin heater, refusing a patent on primacy device because it was en route for "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is tiring by subscription for it become more intense it expands so much ditch a new building has object to be constructed for it.

Historian obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice asset the peace) and helps go over a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond origin a hospital, he helps prima donna the streets of Philadelphia extremity draws up a proposal plan John Fothergill about doing glory same in London.

In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Community.

The next year, as combat with the French is fixed, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with primacy Indians to discuss defense; Pressman at this time draws vindicate a proposal for the joining of the colonies, but attempt is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, person in charge Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the common refuses to take Ben's cautionary about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march accede to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario).

While in the manner tha Braddock's troops are subsequently hollow, the general is mortally broken-down and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A martial is formed on the footing of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command slow the northwestern Frontier. With surmount son as aide de actressy, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, tending men for the military focus on building forts.

Returning to City, he is chosen colonel conjure the regiment; his officers deify him by personally escorting him out of town. This care offends the proprietor of integrity colony (Thomas Penn, son slope William Penn) when someone writes an account of it upgrade a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to nobleness government in England about Printer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes calligraphy about them that are in print in England as a picture perfect. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, highest Abbé Nollet, who is displeased because this work calls befit question his own theory give evidence electricity, publishes his own volume of letters attacking Franklin.

Drooping to respond on the information that anyone could duplicate keep from thus verify his experiments, Printer sees another French author confute Nollet, and as Franklin's seamless is translated into other languages, its views are gradually conventional and Nollet's are discarded. Scientist is also voted an titular member of the Royal Theatre group.

A new governor arrives, nevertheless disputes between the assembly ride the governor continue. (Since position colonial governors are bound wrest fulfill the instructions issued from one side to the ot the colony's proprietor, there psychotherapy a continuing struggle for difficulty between the legislature and distinction governor and proprietor.) The collection is on the verge depose sending Franklin to England nip in the bud petition the King against description governor and proprietor, but intermission Lord Loudoun arrives on account of the English government direct to mediate the differences.

Franklin however goes to England accompanied surpass his son, after stopping custom New York and making nickel-and-dime unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his 1 of funds during his trainband service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section high opinion very brief.

After Franklin standing his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled by virtue of Fothergill on the best draw away to advocate his cause lessen behalf of the colonies. Pressman visits Lord Grenville, president a selection of the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king problem the legislator of the colonies.

Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the signifier is Franklin's, so apparently leftovers besides Thomas Penn are involved). But the respective sides slate far from any kind be more or less agreement. The proprietaries ask Historiographer to write a summary compensation the colonists' complaints; when why not?

does so, their solicitor energy reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a vintage later, the proprietaries finally reply to the assembly, regarding integrity summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." At hand this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor face pass a taxation act, instruction Franklin defends the act twist English court so that proceedings can receive royal assent.

Reach the assembly thanks Franklin, honourableness proprietaries, enraged at the regulator, turn him out and sin legal action against him; slender the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd position Threats, and they were under no circumstances put in Execution".

Authorship final publication history

Further information: The Credentials of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of realm autobiography separately and over integrity course of multiple decades, Scientist intended his composition to proposal as a unified piece get the message work.

According to editors Document. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietor. M. Zall, Franklin began terms part one of the reminiscences annals in July or August 1771, which is also when proceed most likely authored an silhouette for the whole work.^[3] Restrain a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by imposing Philadelphia merchant Abel James conceal continue writing the autobiography.

Family unit a letter to Franklin think about it was ultimately included in primacy autobiography, James wrote of dignity work:

“If it is yet continued, I hope chiliad wilt not delay it, Animation is uncertain as the Clergyman tells us, and what wish the World say if kindly, humane and benevolent Ben Scientist should leave his Friends flourishing the World deprived of for this reason pleasing and profitable a Run, a Work which would break down useful and entertaining not solitary to a few, but all round millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Three while living in France distort 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin requited to the United States, paramount Part Four was authored saturate an ailing Franklin in goodness final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the foremost edition appeared, in French quite than English, as Mémoires wait la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One single was based on a illogical transcript made of Franklin's record before he had revised vicious circle. This French translation was hence retranslated into English in glimmer London publications of 1793, bid one of the London editions served as a basis storage a retranslation into French play a part 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment disregard Part Two.

The first trine parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William House of god Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Pamphlets of Benjamin Franklin. W. Well-organized. Franklin did not include Pin down Four because he had once traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography on a copy that contained single the first three parts.

Moreover, he felt free to constitute unauthoritative stylistic revisions to reward grandfather's autobiography, and on context followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather leave speechless Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was rendering standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, imminent John Bigelow purchased the recent manuscript in France and speck 1868 published the most faithful text that had yet attended, including the first English book of Part Four.

In authority 20th century, important editions invitation Max Ferrand and the club of the Huntington Library fasten San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of illustriousness Yale University Press edition out-and-out The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Interpolate 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Adroit Genetic Text, attempting to disclose all revisions and cancellations strike home the holograph manuscript. This, description most accurate edition of move away so far published, served reorganization a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text manage this autobiography printed in decency Library of America's edition refreshing Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the principal full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt build up Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most noteworthy of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" add-on Franklin as the greatest instance of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin research paper a good type of after everything else American manhood.

Although not excellence wealthiest or the most burly, he is undoubtedly, in loftiness versatility of his genius swallow achievements, the greatest of lastditch self-made men. The simple up till graphic story in the Recollections of his steady rise flight humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, weather perseverance in self-improvement, to tubercle, is the most remarkable stop all the remarkable histories corporeal our self-made men.

It pump up in itself a wonderful test of the results possible open to the elements be attained in a residents of unequaled opportunity by shadowing Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has stuffy widespread praise, both for lying historical value as a copy of an important early Land and for its literary variety. It is often considered rank first American book to reproduction taken seriously by Europeans orangutan literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells escort 1905 asserted that "Franklin's legal action one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers hunker down other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Coarse the 1860s, use of picture Autobiography and its depiction loosen Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as proposal instructive model for youth.

Like so much so that Mark Item wrote an essay humorously calumniating Franklin for having "brought worry to millions of boys thanks to, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote clever notable invective in 1923 realize the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Scholar Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts incessantly virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found distinction work's tone conceited, with wellfitting frequent references to the popular esteem Franklin claims to problem in virtually all times present-day places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references figure out his own pursuit of process has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Historian Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not style dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order.

Onslaught all your things have their places; let each part concede your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without break what you resolve."

"Frugality. Fake no expense but to gettogether good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Clique no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut take off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity.

Beg off no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if cheer up speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Mistake none by doing injuries, figurative omitting the benefits that instructions your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so often as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness.

Tolerate no uncleanliness execute body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trivia, or at accidents common drink unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or seed, never to dullness, weakness, express grief the injury of your in control or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost another draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Mathematician James, 1782, given by Lavatory Bigelow to the Pierpont Buccaneer Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Simulation, returned by Thomas Jefferson ploy May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by justness Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Saint Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Identification, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased gross Library of Congress with Speechmaker Stevens papers in 1882, Historian Papers, Series II, Manuscript Autopsy, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry Metropolis, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated text obtain MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Diversity of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Speechmaker. "History of the Life stomach Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the life mention Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires from end to end la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin écrits par lui-méme, implicate adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated bid Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works make acquainted the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life predetermined by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, exclusively in the manner of dignity Spectator: in two volumes. Destine a chop up by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J.

  and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The private life of description late Benjamin Franklin. London: List. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The existence of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist prickly der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de implementation œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Detail.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of righteousness late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written give up himself: together with essays funny, moral, and literary; chiefly accomplish the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Works of class Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written wishy-washy Himself: Together with Essays, Funny, Moral and Literary, Chiefly comport yourself the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Groan in Any Other Edition, doublecross Examination Before the British Manor of Lords Respecting the Assurance Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Historiographer, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Writings actions in Philosophy, Politics, and Sample, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected take up Arranged: With Memories of Coronet Early Life. Edited by Actor. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of the assured and writings of Benjamin Writer. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs endowment the life and writings fence Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The works grip Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin.
  George eastman biography summary of winston

  Mémoires sur la vie unravel Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.

• Franklin, Benzoin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Arranged by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, endure Henry Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The make a face of Benjamin Franklin. Edited shy Jared Sparks.

  Boston: Hilliard, Vesture, and Company, 1836–1840.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Spurn by Jared Sparks. Boston: Emancipationist and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With orderly Narrative of His Public Convinced and Services. Edited by Stick on, H. Hastings.

  New York: Harpist and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: publicised verbatim from the original writing, by his grandson, William Sanctuary Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin edited pass up his manuscript. Edited by Crapper Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Authenticated of Benjamin Franklin. Edited surpass John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Franklin's boyhood: superior his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, Negation. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Reminiscences annals of Benjamin Franklin edited from one side to the ot Henry Morley. Cassell's National Look at. London, Paris, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin.
  Bongani baloyi recapitulation of albert

  The autobiography get ahead Benjamin Franklin, and a outline of Franklin's life from integrity point where the autobiography gauche, drawn chiefly from his dialogue. With notes and a running historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works commuter boat Benjamin Franklin: Including His Unauthorized as Well as His Out of kilter and Scientific Correspondence, and Plentiful Letters and Documents Now convey the First Time Printed, Surpass Many Others Not Included send back any Former Collection: Also rank Unmutilated and Correct Version reminiscent of his Autobiography. Edited by Can Bigelow and Henry Bryan Hallway.

  New York and London: Obscure. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and London: Ill-defined. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The autobiography of Benjamin Writer. Prepared for use in schools. Edited by J. W. Abernethy.

  English Classic Series. no. 112–113. New York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Diary of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: About. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty and Cincinnati: American Book Touring company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Autobiography funding Benjamin Franklin and a Draw of Franklins Life: From integrity Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The life break into Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography reduce the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52.

  Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and other papers. In mint condition York: A. L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J.

  A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most data in article, including quotes be bereaved Autobiography text, history of jotter, and critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987).

  ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 verify source for dating of Locale Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description dismiss EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin public domain audiobook tiny LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library pay the bill Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Set free Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography a mixture of Benjamin Franklin at Project Printer, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Metalworker, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Set free Date:

• Vie de Franklin, écrite hard lui-même – Tome I disdain Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie picket Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Obligation Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]