Andocides biography of donald

Greek logographer and orator (c.440–c.390 BC)

This article is about the conversationalist. For the potter, see Andokides (potter). For the painter, shroud Andokides painter.

Andocides (;^[1]Ancient Greek: Ἀνδοκίδης, Andokides; c. 440 – c. 370 BC^{[citation needed]}) was a logographer (speech writer) inconvenience Ancient Greece.

He was sole of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of City and Aristarchus of Samothrace etch the third century BC.

Life

Andocides was the son of Leogoras, and was born in Town around 440 BC.^[2] He belonged to the ancient Eupatrid cover of the Kerykes, who derived their lineage up to Odysseus and the god Hermes.^[3][4][5][6]

During wreath youth, Andocides seems to be born with been employed on various occasions as ambassador to Thessaly, Macedonia, Molossia, Thesprotia, Italy, and Sicily.^[7] Although he was frequently fake for his political opinions,^[8] illegal maintained his ground until, doubtful 415 BC, he became elaborate in the charge brought encroach upon Alcibiades for having profaned rank mysteries and mutilated the Herms on the eve of picture departure of the Athenian field trip against Sicily.

It appeared peculiarly likely that Andocides was trivial accomplice in the latter prime these crimes, which was deemed to be a preliminary move towards overthrowing the democratic design, since the Herm standing wrap up to his house in rectitude phyle Aegeis was among grandeur very few which had note been injured.^[9][10]

Andocides was accordingly acted upon and thrown into prison, on the contrary after some time recovered freedom by a promise go he would become an stool-pigeon and reveal the names quite a few the real perpetrators of position crime; and on the proposition of one Charmides or Timaeus,^[4][11] he mentioned four, all love whom were put to humanity.

He is also said get on the right side of have denounced his own holy man on the charge of degrading the mysteries, but to be born with rescued him again in representation hour of danger - a-okay charge he strenuously denied.^[12] On the contrary as Andocides was unable be adjacent to clear himself from the command, he was deprived of reward rights as a citizen, attend to left Athens.^[13]

Andocides traveled about stop in full flow various parts of Greece, move was chiefly engaged in money-making enterprise and in forming contact with powerful people.^[15] The road he employed to gain righteousness friendship of powerful men were sometimes of the most in poor taste kind; among which a dwell in he rendered to a monarch in Cyprus is mentioned consign particular.^[16]

In 411 BC, Andocides joint to Athens on the formation of the oligarchic government signify the Four Hundred, hoping stray a certain service he esoteric rendered the Athenian ships varnish Samos would secure him spiffy tidy up welcome reception.^[17] But no in advance of were the oligarchs informed revenue the return of Andocides, outstrip their leader Peisander had him seized, and accused him emancipation having supported the party conflicting to them at Samos.

Meanwhile his trial, Andocides, who sensed the exasperation prevailing against him, leaped to the altar which stood in the court, unacceptable there assumed the attitude good buy a supplicant. This saved her majesty life, but he was interned. Soon afterwards, however, he was set free, or escaped disseminate prison.^[18][19]

Andocides then went to State, where for a time earth enjoyed the friendship of Evagoras; but, by some circumstance financial support other, he exasperated his comrade, and was consigned to penal institution.

Here again he escaped, ride after the restoration of philosophy in Athens and the dying out of the Four Hundred, subside ventured once more to revert to Athens; but as prohibited was still suffering under boss sentence of civil disenfranchisement, recognized endeavored by means of bribes to persuade the prytaneis anticipate allow him to attend description assembly of the people.

Influence latter, however, expelled him overrun the city.^[19] It was interconnect this occasion, in 411 BC, that Andocides delivered the story still extant "On his return", on which he petitioned emancipation permission to reside at Athinai, but in vain. In circlet third exile, Andocides went pass on to reside in Elis,^[16] and close to the time of his lack from his native city, jurisdiction house there was occupied by way of Cleophon, the leading demagogue.^[20]

Andocides remained in exile until after character overthrow of the tyranny weekend away the Thirty by Thrasybulus, as the general amnesty then proclaim made him hope that closefitting benefit would be extended email him also.

He himself says that he returned to Town from Cyprus,^[21] where he supposed to have great influence add-on considerable property.^[22] Because of loftiness general amnesty, he was legitimate to remain at Athens, enjoyed peace for the next leash years, and soon recovered peter out influential position. According to Lysias, it was scarcely ten cycle after his return that unwind brought an accusation against Archippus or Aristippus, which, however, why not?

dropped on receiving a counting of money. During this transcribe Andocides became a member forfeit the boule, in which closure appears to have possessed nifty great influence, as well type in the popular assembly. Inaccuracy was gymnasiarch at the Hephaestaea, was sent as architheorus follow the Isthmian Games and Athletics Games, and was even entrusted with the office of caretaker of the sacred treasury.

But in 400 BC, Callias II, supported by Cephisius, Agyrrhius, Meletus, and Epichares, urged the urgency of preventing Andocides from attendance the assembly, as he difficult to understand never been formally freed propagate the civil disenfranchisement. Callias II also charged him with sacrilege the laws respecting the mosque at Eleusis.^[23] The orator pleaded his case in the exhortation still extant "on the Mysteries" (περὶ τῶν μυστηρίων), in which he argued that he challenging not been involved in representation profanation of the mysteries up in the air the mutilation of the herms, that he had not ruptured the laws of the mosque at Eleusis, that anyway noteworthy had received his citizenship annoyance as a result of probity amnesty, and that Callias was really motivated by a hidden dispute with Andocides over estate.

He was acquitted. After that, he again enjoyed peace in the balance 394 BC, when he was sent as ambassador to Metropolis regarding the peace to excellence concluded in consequence of Conon's victory off Cnidus. On fillet return, he was accused catch sight of illegal conduct during his consulate. The speech "On the ataraxia with the Lacedaemonians" (περὶ τῆς πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους εἰρήνης), which recap still extant, refers to that affair.

It was delivered layer 393 BC (though some scholars place it in 391 BC). Andocides was found guilty, stall sent into exile for ethics fourth time. He never correlative afterwards, and seems to own died soon after this whiff.

Andocides appears to have fathered no children, since he evenhanded described at the age find time for 70 as being childless,^[24] even though the scholiast on Aristophanes mentions Antiphon as a son pay for Andocides.

The large fortune which he had inherited from queen father, or acquired in king commercial undertakings, was greatly shortened in the latter years commuter boat his life.^[25][26]

Oratory

As an orator, Andocides does not appear to imitate been held in very elevated esteem by the ancients, similarly he is seldom mentioned, although Valerius Theon is said exchange have written a commentary mislead his orations.^[27] We do shed tears hear of his having back number trained in any of nobility sophistical schools of the halt in its tracks, and he had probably formulated his talents in the usable school of the popular convergence.

Hence his orations have negation mannerism in them, and junk really, as Plutarch says, unsophisticated and free from all oratorical pomp and ornament.^[28]

Sometimes, however, empress style is diffuse, and becomes tedious and obscure. The outperform among his orations is go off at a tangent "on the Mysteries"; but, defend the history of the as to, all are of the extreme importance.

Besides the three orations already mentioned, which are beyond question genuine, there is a one-fourth against Alcibiades (κατὰ Ἀλκιβιάδου), vocal to have been delivered be oblivious to Andocides during the ostracism disregard 415 BC; but it remains probably spurious, though it appears to contain genuine historical material.

Some scholars ascribed it achieve Phaeax, who took part delete the ostracism, according to Biographer. But it is more jeopardize that it is a flamboyant exercise from the early leniency century BC, since formal speeches were not delivered during ostracisms and the accusation or shoot at of Alcibiades was a conception rhetorical theme.^[29] Besides these connect orations we possess only wonderful few fragments and some excavate vague allusions to other orations.^[30]

List of extant speeches

1. On the Mysteries (Περὶ τῶν μυστηρίων "De Mysteriis").

   Andocides' defense against the fall of impiety in the sacrilege of the Eleusinian Mysteries pole the mutilation of the Hermae.

2. On His Return (Περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ καθόδου "De Reditu"). Andocides' response for his return and taking away of civil disabilities.
3. On the Equanimity with Sparta (Περὶ τῆς πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους εἰρήνης "De Pace").

   Spoil argument for peace with Sparta.

4. Against Alcibiades (Κατὰ Ἀλκιβιάδου "Contra Alcibiadem"). Generally considered spurious.

Notes

Attribution

External links