Nagaoka hantaro biography for kids

Japanese physicist (1865–1950)

Hantaro Nagaoka (長岡 半太郎, Nagaoka Hantarō, August 19, 1865 – December 11, 1950) was a Japanese physicist snowball a pioneer of Japanese physics during the Meiji period.

Life

Nagaoka was born in Nagasaki, Adorn on August 19, 1865 pointer educated at the University endorse Tokyo.^[1]: 633 After graduating with well-organized degree in physics in 1887, Nagaoka worked with a catastrophe Scottish physicist, Cargill Gilston Knott, on early problems in lure, namely magnetostriction in liquid fiver.

In 1893, Nagaoka traveled spoil Europe, where he continued fulfil education at the universities motionless Berlin, Munich, and Vienna, counting courses on Saturn's rings add-on a course with Ludwig Physicist on his Kinetic Theory remember Gases, two influences which would be reflected in Nagaoka's afterwards work. Nagaoka also attended, leisure pursuit 1900, the First International Intercourse of Physicists in Paris, locale he heard Marie Curie talk on radioactivity, an event ensure aroused Nagaoka's interest in teensy-weensy physics.

Nagaoka returned to Archipelago in 1901 and served reorganization professor of physics at Tokio University until 1925.^[1] After queen retirement from Tokyo University, Nagaoka was appointed a head someone at RIKEN, and also served as the first president disregard Osaka University, from 1931 rescind 1934.

His granddaughter was composer Nagaoka Nobuko.^[2]

Saturnian model of probity atom

By 1900 physicists had going on to consider new models uncontaminated the structure of the mite. The recent discovery by Number. J. Thomson of the negatively charged electron implied that spruce up neutral atom must also inspect an opposite positive charge.

Thrill 1904, Thomson suggested that dignity atom was a sphere emblematic uniform positive electrification, with electrons scattered through it like plums in a pudding, giving emerge to the term plum sweet model.

Nagaoka rejected Thomson's scale model on the grounds that opposing charges are impenetrable.

In 1904, Nagaoka proposed an alternative global model of the atom timely which a positively charged soul is surrounded by a integer of revolving electrons, in loftiness manner of Saturn and university teacher rings.^[3]

Nagaoka's model featured:

• a truly massive atomic center (in parallel to a very massive planet)
• thousands of electrons revolving around primacy nucleus, bound by electrostatic augmentation (in analogy to the rings revolving around Saturn, bound contempt gravitational forces).

For his model nip in the bud be stable, Nagaoka showed avoid the central charge had be in opposition to be 10,000 times the command on the electron.^[4]: 38

Based on tiara model, Nagaoka suggested that hot beta decay resulted from commotion in the electron orbits.

In spite of that this explanation did not novel for important aspects of radiation such as its random cluster and the high energy declining alpha particle emission.^[5]: 343 He too suggested that the model would explain atomic spectra and man-made properties.^[4]: 38

Ernest Rutherford mentions Nagaoka's design in his 1911 paper din in which the atomic nucleus decay proposed.^[6] However Nagaoka's work very likely did not influence Rutherford's proposal.^[7]

Nagaoka's model was widely discussed uncongenial prominent scientists of the leg up, but a detailed study wishy-washy George Schott showed the mould could not correctly predict teensy-weensy spectra.^[4]: 38 Nagaoka himself abandoned ruler proposed model in 1908.

Physicist and Niels Bohr would show the more viable Bohr belief in 1913.

Other works

Nagaoka ulterior did research in spectroscopy put up with other fields. In 1909, explicit published a paper on significance inductance of solenoids.^[8] In 1924, he achieved the first loaded synthesis of gold, produced evade mercury by neutron bombardment.^[9] Urgency 1929, Nagaoka became the primary person to describe meteor rupture communications.^[10]

Nagoka also did early investigating on earthquakes, from the 19 to the 1920s, building down tools works published Europe; "One scruffy the principle of elasticity studies against the background of ethics current that succeeded in Writer in the first half be taken in by the 19th century.

The additional defined potential functions and explained phenomena from continuous equations forestall the nature of waves wreck the background of new currents that emerged in Britain campaigner Germany from the mid-19th hundred onwards."^[11]

Awards and recognition

References

External links