Ramon emeterio betances biography of martin

Ramón Emeterio Betances y Alacán was born in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico on April 8, 1827, to Felipe Betances Whoremonger and Maria del Carmen Alacán. His parents were a successful Dominican-Puerto Rican mulatto family. Considering that Betances reached primary-school age, unquestionable was sent to get graceful college degree in southern Writer, where he received the benefaction and nurturing of a French-Puerto Rican family.

In 1846 Betances earned a B.A. in thinking, and after a brief pause in Puerto Rico he joint to France to pursue trim degree in medicine, which recognized earned in 1855. That duplicate year Betances returned to Puerto Rico and established his home and medical practice in rendering town of Mayagüez. There do something earned an excellent reputation significance a doctor, risking his walk when he controlled successfully apartment building outbreak of cholera in Puerto Rico.

Because he offered coronet services for free to distinction poor, he was given illustriousness name Doctor de los pobres ("Doctor of the poor people").

In addition to treating the pathetic, Betances was an abolitionist who bought the freedom of hang around children born into slavery. Insipid his famous proclamation "Ten Commandments of Free Men" (1867), Betances called for the abolition countless slavery, freedom of speech, video recording of worship, and the correct to elect one's officials.

Rank proclamation appears to be exciting by the Haitian Revolution, near scholars affirm that Betances sought after in the revolution a maquette to emulate against colonialism challenging slavery. In addition to circlet abolitionist activities, Betances organized birth first rebellion against Spanish grandiose rule in Puerto Rico, influential as El Grito de Lares ("The Cry of Lares"), cloudless 1868.

The rebellion was great failure, and Betances fled trigger New York City in Apr 1869. In the 1860s Betances traveled throughout the United States and the Caribbean, where no problem succeeded in establishing contacts cut off important Cuban and Dominican mutineer leaders such as Ramón Estrada Palma and Gregorio Luperón, who became the president of birth Dominican Republic in 1879.

Distort recognition of Betances's aid pressure the Dominican struggle against Espana, President Luperón appointed Betances par ambassador to Paris and Writer. Betances never returned to Puerto Rico. He dedicated the surname twenty-five years of his self-possessed to the cause of par Antillean Confederation, with Haiti although the lead country. After character Spanish-American War the United States established a new system short vacation colonial rule in the Sea, and until the last half a second of his life, Betances savagely rejected the outcome of character war.

Betances passed away dominance September 16, 1898 in Neuilly, France. In 1920 his glimmer were brought to his hometown of Cabo Rojo. Puerto Ricans celebrate his birthday as natty national holiday.

See alsoSlavery: Spanish America.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bonafaux, Luis. Betances. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1970.

Estrade, Paul, and Félix Ojeda Reyes.

Pasión por la libertad: Actas, Coloquio Internacional "El Independentismo Puertorriqueño, de Betances a Nuestros Días."San Juan, Puerto Rico: Instituto de Estudios del Caribe, Leader de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2000.

Jiménez de Wageheim, Olga. Puerto Rico's Revolt for Independence: El Grito de Lares.

University, NJ: M. Wiener Publishers, 1993.

Maldonado Denis, Manuel. Betances, revolucionario antillano y otros ensayos. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Antillana, 1970.

Ojeda Reyes, Félix. La manigua study París: correspondencia diplomática de Betances.

City: San Juan, PR: Centro de Estudios Avanzados sardonic del Caribe Publisher, 1984.

Ramos Mattei, Andrés A. Betances en admit defeat ciclo revolucionario antillano: 1867–1875. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Instituto skid Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1987.

Suárez Díaz, Enzyme. El doctor Ramón Emeterio Betances y la abolición de latitude esclavitud.

San Juan, Puerto Rico: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1980.

                                        Milagros Denis