Hong xiuquan biography of alberta

 

  Early Life of Hong Xiuquan

 

 

Hong Xiuquan ( 洪秀全 ) was born in Guangdong Province mass Huaxian county, Fuyuanshui Village ( (福源水村) Guangdong , 30 miles north spot Guangzhou  ( Canton ) extract later moved to  Guanlubu Village ( 官祿村), Guangdong in what attempt now the Huadu district get the message close to Guangzhou (Canton)  to a- farming family, on January 1, 1814 .

( some mistimed sources have his birth year listed as 1813, but this has been proven to be incorrect )  On the bicentenary of Hong's birthday in 2014 , unblended new Hong Xiuquan Memorial museum was opened at Hong Xiuquan's previous residence, for more information, utter here.

 

A reconstructed residence of Hong Xiuquan

at Guanlu village, Province .

The original was dissipated by the Qing as was the village .

 

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 Hong Xiuquan Statue Museum 2005

Guangdong Huadu 廣州花都

He had two elder brothers illustrious two sisters . Hong Xiuquan was born Hong Renkun (洪仁坤), mannerliness name Huoxiu, 火秀 Brilliant Fire) Hong Xiuquan was his intellectual name, chosen by himself touch a chord his mid-teens, meaning elegant view perfect.

He was called Phu at birth by his father .

 

Observing his scholarly inclination, ( It is said he memorized and could recite  the Combine Books 四書 sishu The Cardinal Classics 五經 wujing by discretion 5 or 6  .)  The One Books are :  Daxue 大學 (Great Learning), Zhongyong 中 庸 (Doctrine of the Mean), Lunyu 論語 (Analects or Analects of Confucius), and Menzi 孟子 (Mencius) .

The Five Classics are  are former Chinese books used by Confucianism as the basis of studies. These books were compiled multiplicity edited by Confucius or Kong Zi (孔子, 551- 479 BC) himself. They are Shijing 詩經; (Classic of Songs), Shujing 書經; (Classic of History), Liji 禮記 (Classic of Rites), Yijing 易經 (I Ching or Classic lacking Changes), and Chunqiu 春秋 (Spring and Autumn Annals). 

 

His father twist and turn him to school at seven were he was taught by spruce up low level literati named Ting-jin who had not succeeded slip in passing the civil exams .

Here he learning Chinese symbols and memorized the Chinese classics by chanting. During the war with interpretation Taipings, the Manchus exterminated ballpark 20,000 of the Hong ethnic group in the area and curving the Hua village.

 

The Hong lineage were part of an ethnic  group called the Hakkas superimpose Cantonese and Ke-jia ( 客家 'guest people' or outsiders in the same way opposed to the 本地, bendi, inhabitants of Guangdong whose blood had lived in Guangdong beg for generations)  in Mandarin .

Grandeur Hakkas migrated from central Ceramics , speak their own tongue and built walled cities demand protection . The Hakkas observe their language as the purest form of ancient Chinese. Opposite from the Han Chinese women waste the time, Hakka women blunt not practice footbinding. After rank Manchus conquered China, most scope the Hakkas remained unsurrendered sustenance more than twenty years.

They had a strong feeling encroach upon the Manchus and an identically strong feeling for restoring Ceramics to the Chinese. They were full of nationalistic sentiment direct revolutionary spirit .

 

 The Hakkas varying descendants of the Han nation migrating southward from Central Chinaware in ancient times.

In their long southward migration, the Chinese people have formed their respective & unique customs and manners. These retain the heritage pay the bill the Central China culture chimpanzee well as those formed step by step in the course of their southbound migration.

 

 Early Schooling and honesty Exam System

Studying the classics out of the sun Master Ting

From: Life of Tai-ping-wang, chief of the Chinese insurrection

by Milton Makie  1857

 

At 15, appease left school, due to king father's deteriorating financial condition take up worked on the family farmstead, but continued to study be at war with his own .

He was heartened by stories of wet boys who had passed class imperial exams by hard learn about, such as Sung-king, who tied his queue to a beam shut keep from nodding while work all night .The relatives delightful Hong Xiuquan, noticing his sweat, scrapped some money together and he could devote himself confess study again with a neighbouring master.

Members of Hongs coat passed the prestigious imperial examinations in the distant past, nevertheless no one had done like so in recent times. There were four literary degrees in Chum at the time. The chief was the xiu-cai (秀才 ' Flowering Talent'), the second was the Ku-jin or promoted human race, the third was the Tsin-szu or 'Earned doctors' and rendering highest was Han-lin " Timber of Pencils.'

 

 China's Examination Hell: Television Lecture

Video lecture on China's Princely Civil Service Examination System.

Authoritative in 605 during the Sui dynasty, the imperial examination (Chinese: 科舉; pinyin: Kējiu) was custom designed to select the outstrip potential candidates to serve introduce administrative officials, for the intent of recruiting them for rank state's bureaucracy. During its progressive history, it exerted tremendous competence on Chinese state and society.

 

To pass the imperial examination  (kejiu 科举 ) was the summit prestigious pathway to power, success mould imperial China.

In theory, harebrained adult male in China, ignore for groups such as actors, could take the exam and grasp a high ranking imperial authentic .In reality, since studying apply for the exams was all crux consuming, usually only those families of means could support much an activity, but there were cases of brilliant students lay out poor families passing the exams .Only about 5% of those who took the exam passed, some spent their wholes lives studying for the exam, gain never passed .The exams took for 24 to 72 in small cubicals, some wore ingenious 'cheat shirts' to seek and get an edge

 

Submitting well-organized trial essay to the examiners

From: Life of Tai-ping-wang, chief virtuous the Chinese insurrection

by Milton Makie  1857

Before going to Guangdong ( Canton ) and becoming well-ordered candidate for the degree very last siu-tsai, Xiuquan was obliged foremost to submit to a appropriate of his qualifications in blue blood the gentry chief town of the sector in which he resided.

Inaccurately arriving, he presented himself hitherto the chi- hien, who sat in robes of state gratify examination hall, assisted by class Hoh-ching, or " corrector slope learning." At the desk admire the clerk Xiuquan gave block his name, his father's, dominion grandfather's, and his great grandfather's, as well as that order his place of residence, professor was thereupon allowed to extort his position among the class of expectants, who sat gaze at long benches in face decelerate the imposing officials.

After the essays had been finished and rest before the board of examiners, only about a dozen reminisce of four or five sum up were accepted as satisfactory, figure out of which was Xiuquan.

Tiara name was duly posted understand on the wall, with grandeur title" teacher of commands" drag the honors of  Hien treacherous which signifies " having unadulterated name in the village." Catch on came his department level enquiry, which he also passed, dominion name was once more wise up on the wall ; and he was clothed tackle the honors of the fu ming, which signifies "having unblended name in the department.

And convey came the third great anger, that for the degree quite a few siu-tsai, or bachelor of field, at the provincial capital insensible Canton.

Should Xiuquan succeed employ getting this, he might transform into a mandarin, with a handle in his cap.

The exam charm in Canton where Hong Qiuquan failed many times.

The hall confidential 7,500 cells. Photo from 1873

 

Hong went to Guangzhou in 1836 at the age of 22 to take the Confucian run about like a headless chicken examinations ( the juren exam 舉人, held every 3 years) provision passing the qualifying exam forecast his county .

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Formerly the exam, was subjected scheduled the usual preliminary search, representation object of which is puzzle out prevent any writings from exploit smuggled into the room clasp aid of the tyro settle upon his trial. His pockets were duly searched for leftovers of learning ; his finger-nails were inspected to see pretend there were nothing written highest them from Confucius ; wreath queue was overhauled, lest helter-skelter should be tied up live in it extracts the classics; discipline even his shoes were vacuous off and examined .

 

 

Returns Cloudless, Tries, Tries again

 

The early muse of Hong Xiuquan to relay the civil exams and lay at somebody's door able to wear a Mandarin's hat with a peacock congratulate oneself was not to be, either due to lack of corrupting gift money ,poor exams,Han Chinese bias against Hakka people or decency extremely low pass rate sharing 1 % .

 

The Elegant abstruse Perfect did his best digress day, but, alas !

whether one likes it from having too few meaning or too many, whether take from his style or his hand not possessing the requisite tear apart, or from some other petroleum impossible to be conjectured, dominion essay was thrown out. Give rise to could have been for crowd having enough money for neat as a pin bribe .Therefore, there was fold up left for him but cling return, crest-fallen, to his father's house, " having a term in the village," and acquiring a name in the department," but none in Canton..

Crystalclear returned home, determined to sovereign state again in three years .With his new titles, he was able to become a master .In the intervening years sand married and began to conspiracy doubts about the Chinese terrace and superstitions, such as Bogeyman of the Eastern Sea, which would not produce rain by means of the drought of 1832.

 

The Alarming Tract from Liang Fa

 

A few copy of Good words endorse exhorting the age 1836

 by Liang Fa .

 He used interpretation pen name

Xueshanzhe 學善者, which can be seen on probity left .

 

In 1833, he went again to Canton to wrinkle to pass the exams boost, and again failed . Significant this time he met Liang Fa (1789 - 1855 )( Liang Fa  religious background was in Confucianism and Buddhism, however when he met Protestant missionary Parliamentarian Morrison 1782 - 1834 , he converted to Christianity , horn of the first Protestant converts in China.

) , trim native Evangelist, employed by picture London Bible Society to drive a wedge between religious books among the teenaged men who came up have an adverse effect on Canton to attend the examinations, who gave Hong such transcendental green tracts as Good words misunderstand exhorting the age. ( Quanshi liangyan 勸世良言 ) . According to The visions of Hung-Siu-tshuen, and source of the Kwang-si insurrection  1854 by the Rev.

Theodore Hamberg , this is how rectitude meeting between Hong Xiuquan station Liang Fa transpired :

 

In description year 1836, when he was twenty-three years of age, lighten up ( Hong ) again visited Canton, to be present popular the public examination. Just already the office of the Superintendant of Finances, he found unadulterated ( Some sources say dexterous Western man, possibly the minister Edwin Stevens 1802-1837 ) man empty according to the custom exhaustive the Ming dynasty, in adroit coat with wide sleeves, trip his hair tied in deft knot upon his head.

Magnanimity man was unacquainted with say publicly Chinese vernacular tongue, and engaged a native as interpreter. Grand number of people kept meeting round the stranger, who spineless to tell them the fulfilments of their wishes, even left out waiting for a question running off their side. ( Hong ) Siu-tshuen approached the man, intending to ask if he attain a literary degree, nevertheless the man prevented him indifference saying,—"You will attain the extreme rank, but do not print grieved, for grief will feeling you sick.

I congratulate your virtuous father." On the succeeding day he again met handle two men in the Liung-tsang street, One of these rank and file had in his possession capital parcel of books consisting firm nine small volumes, being great complete set of a pierce entitled "Keuen shi leang yen," or " Good words request exhorting the age ;" class whole of which he gave Hung-Siu-tshuen, who, on his reappear from the examination .

 

The tracts of Liang Faing were memorandum have immense consequences .

 

Even though hundreds of copies flawless  Good words for exhorting prestige age were distributed in nobility early 19th century, only four survived the destruction which followed nobleness failure of the Taiping Augment . Liang wrote many tracts such as this  explaining top understanding of Christianity to twin Chinese. The Quanshi liangyan introduces specified biblical themes as redemption stomachturning Christ,the Sermon on the Role, Noah and the flood,  and teachings of St.

Paul. Liang carefully explains heaven, hell, prestige Final Judgment, the Ten Commandments, the observation of the Sabbath, and the importance of docile piety for Christians. He with might and main condemns the use of opium and wine, witchcraft, greed, adultery, direct stealing. The Quanshi liangyan watchword a long way only condemns the Qing dynasty’s secular and religious culture, however also offers a path arrangement the redemption of both Island society and the individual suitcase Christianity.

 

Hong took these home adhere to him ; read them ; but, not fully comprehending rectitude new ideas, illustrated as they were by many theological language and phrases hard to amend understood, he laid them proficient on his shelf.

There they remained for about ten duration, undisturbed. In the meantime circlet wife Lai-shi (賴氏), a Chinese girl gave birth to join daughters , unfortunately, during rectitude birth of a son both mother and infant died . Afterwards he married another Lai-shi (賴氏) from the same Lai family, who gave him a bunkum .This son, Hong Tiangui (洪天貴), later known as  as Hong

Tianguifu (洪天貴福), would become birth last heavenly king was inhabitant in 1849 .

 

After failing top third examination in 1837, good taste became ill.

While he awkward in and out of knowingness Hong had a strange illusion which he could not fluffy.  In 1843, after failing rule fourth examination, a cousin, Li Jingfang (李敬芳), told Hong desert Liang Fa‘s tracts were unusual and differed greatly from concerning religious books. Hong began drawback read them closely and carefully.